Day 2
Safe design
- All aspects –electrical, mechanical (constructive), (micro)ergonomic, light, noise, etc.
- Electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC)
- Incentive for manipulation
- Requirements for safety
- Short circuit, cross-connection, power and device failure
- Counter measures: dual channel, test pulses, forced-to-open contacts, redundancy
Physical guards
- Types of physical guards
- Monitored access
Interlocking w/ w/o locking systems – selection tool (ISO 12100 1 AS/NZS 4024.1201)
- Installation requirements (fastening elements)
- No new hazards arise when accessing/ opening physical guards
- Stopping times & calculation for physical guards (S=KxT)
- Heights, distances, body values for upper & lower limbs (ISO 13857 / AS/NZS 4024.1801)
- Unlocking by timing, automated, manual
- Position switches with advanced manipulation protection
Non-physical guards (AOPD/AOPDDR)
- Protection types (hazardous point, access, area protection)
- Stationary machines or mobile platforms
- Functionality of AOPD and AOPDDR
- Appropriate safety distance for respective resolutions (ISO 13855 / AS 4024.2801, S=KxT+C)
- Avoiding reaching over, under, around protective devices
- Different types for different applications (AOPD, AOPDDR, Camera based)
- PLr depending on the result of risk assessment
- AOPDDR –max PL d
- Reflection, mirroring and counter measures
Emergency STOP ≠ Emergency OFF
- HW requirements: yellow background, red button, manual reset (locally)
- Functional requirements:
Latchable, stop categories, visibility, accessibility,
machine assignment, must be functional at all times
- Different types: push buttons, rope switches
- Emergency Stop ‘complementary measure’ does not reduce risk
- Emergency Stop always has priority over all other functions
- No further hazards, when Emergency Stop is actuated
- No restart of machine movements upon reset
- EMO switches off the energy supply